Mass exams pictured in Michele Borzoni's Looking for a job

The numbers are just staggering – 2813 applicants showing up for nine nursery teacher positions; 10,000 for 14 policer officer roles; and 1099 for one nursing post. These are the Italian Civil Service exams, and Michele Borzoni photographed them for over a year, capturing their sheer size with a medium format camera and a perspective-correcting lens more usually used for large-scale architectural shots.
“I wanted to emphasis this sense of mass, the loss of individuality, the person reduced to number,” he says. “The competitions are sometimes a humiliating path, because often they do not assess the individual capacity, at least not in the early stages of the competition.”
Getting permission to shoot was complicated, says Borzoni, because these entrance tests are “the temples of Italian bureaucracy”; once he was in the room, he also had to ask permission from any applicants who would be recognisable. “Sometimes I asked over the microphone if anyone did not want to be photographed, then asked him or her to get up in order to take the picture,” he says.
This series, titled Looking for a job, is part of a wider project Borzoni is shooting called Workforce. Other elements include a chapter titled Chinese Textile Industry, a look at the working conditions in Prato’s garment factories, and a chapter titled Day Labourers, which records the shocking temporary living arrangements made for African agricultural workers brought in for the harvest.
Another chapter, Union Pickets, details a series of pickets in the traditionally left-wing region Tuscany; Borzoni intends to shoot three more chapters, then publish Workforce as a book.
“It’s an attempt to draw a composite picture of Italy’s current labour landscape, in the framework of the recent global economic recession,” he explains. “I was looking for a different way to represent unemployment – Article 1 of the Italian Constitution is written exactly like this: ‘Italy is a democratic Republic founded on labour’.”

Chinese textile workshop seized from Prato Municipal Police © Michele Borzoni/TerraProject
The enormous numbers involved in the Civil Service exams suggests the ongoing unemployment crisis in Italy – the country now has nearly 12m unemployed, out of a population of nearly 60m people. But, says Borzoni, that’s not the case, because the exams have always been over-subscribed.
“Working in the public service was always the average Italian dream in the 1980s, or at least the parents’ dream, because it guaranteed financial security,” he says. “Therefore the most common roles – the teacher, the nurse, the policeman, the soldier – are the most popular exams. Statistically, the number of participants in competitions did not increase significantly during the years of the economic crisis, perhaps for lack of trust [in the government].
“Generally the pre-selection test takes less than an hour,” he adds. “But competitors have to arrive hours before the competition to complete all the bureaucratic procedures of recognition and impartiality. In fact there is a great fear that competitions are rigged.”
Borzoi started taking photographs while on a reconstruction project in post-war Bosnia Herzegovina when he was 18, and has studied at New York’s prestigious International Center of Photography. He’s completed two long-term projects on the Kashmir conflict and in the Middle East, but in 2013 made a conscious decision to focus on his homeland.
“After years spent abroad I felt the need to tell a story that has to do with the place where I live,” he says. “I was looking for a story close to me and to my generation.”
 
Michele Borzoni’s website is at terraproject.net Foto/Industria is at Mast, Bologna from 12 October-19 November www.fotoindustria.it/en/
Open competitive examination for the recruitment of 14 police officers in the municipality of Milan. More than 10,000 people applied for the exam, which took place in the Mediolanum Forum of Milano. From the series Looking for a job © Michele Borzoni
Open competitive examination for recruitment of 860 non-commissioned military officers. 7672 people applied to the examination which took place in the recruitment center of the Italian army in Foligno. From the series Looking for a job © Michele Borzoni
Open competitive examination for the recruitment of 84 officers of the Italian Air Force. 3387 people applied for the exam, which took place in the Air Force hangar of Guidonia. From the series Looking for a job © Michele Borzoni
Open competitive examination for the recruitment of four administrative officials in the Water Authority of the Tuscany region. 534 people applied for the exam, which took place in the auditorium of the CR Bank in Florence. From the series Looking for a job © Michele Borzoni
Open competitive examination for recruitment of nine nursery teachers in Florence. 2813 people applied to the examination, which took place in the Obi Hall of Florence. From the series Looking for a job © Michele Borzoni
Diane Smyth

Diane Smyth is the editor of BJP, returning for a second stint on staff in 2023 - after 15 years on the team until 2019. As a freelancer, she has written for The Guardian, FT Weekend Magazine, Creative Review, Aperture, FOAM, Aesthetica and Apollo. She has also curated exhibitions for institutions such as The Photographers Gallery and Lianzhou Foto Festival. You can follow her on instagram @dismy